Comparing Health Care System And Saudi Arabia Essay

Compare Health Care System in USA and Saudi Arabia Ghada Alamoudi, alamo1ga@cmich.edu BIS 625 Research in Information Systems College of Business Administration, Department of Business Information Systems Central Michigan University Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858 USA Dr.Emil Boasson Title: Compare Health Care System in USA and Saudi Arabia Background: The rudimental strategy for development of any nation is to meet or fulfil the basic requirements of people, which are adequate food, shelter, health, sanitation and education. Thus, Health becomes one of the main objectives for the process of nation’s development. Health and well-being are the most significant elements in human’s life for longevity (Colton Davis, 2015). Approximately 60-70% of adult male and 30-60% of female adults are belongs to global work force. These proportions are even higher if we consider informal-work and home-work into account. All these people, global work force sustains the economic and material based society, which depends critically on working capacity (Nissen, 2015). The globalization effects on occupational safety and health have been described as follows. Making the surroundings and working conditions healthy and safe is in the workforce, employers, government and public stage as well. Even though it seems easy and obvious, this idea has not yet gained thoughtful recognition (Webster, 2016). Throughout the world hundreds of millions of people are employed in such conditions that breed unsafeShow MoreRelatedOral Health System in Saudi Arabia1975 Words   |  8 Pagesof Saudi Arabia is located in the Southwest of the continent of Asia, with approximately 29.196 million people as explained by the world population statistics in 2013 (1). The percentage of the population over 60 years olds is expected to rise by 7% by the 2020 (2). A proper understanding of the structure and infrastructure of the oral healthcare system in Saudi Arabia is substantial in order to improve the existing oral health policies and the outcomes in the country. Certainly, Saudi ArabiaRead MoreCountry Analysis : United Arab Emirates1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe United Arab Emirates is a new country, but it holds one of the most popular cities across the world, Dubai. The UAE is in Western-Asia at the South-East End of the Arabian-Peninsula on the Persian Gulf. The UAE has two bordering countries: Saudi Arabia to the West and Oman to the East. The UAE was created because it was an intermate trading region, for those who trading between Europe and Asia. The area attracted many merchants from numerous place across the lands, including India, China, andRead MoreThe Importance Of The Health Care System Essay2253 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: Every country in the world has a general system for managing a country. 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However, a conducted study found that the risk of fatigue is increased at the end of 12-hour shifts, while there is no difference between the two shift systems in the critical thinking (Fields and Loveridge, 1988). Contrary, Ugrovics and Wright (1990) demonstrated that in the twelve hour-shifts the last hour is associatedRead MoreConsanguinity In Egypt Case Study1803 Words   |  8 Pagesorder of incidence. 178/203 (88%) of patients were born to consanguineous parents, consistent with the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern of these disorders. When comparing this rate with the 21–33% Egyptian total consanguinity rate [1], we can observe the significant role of high consanguinity in Egypt in this particular health problem (P b 0.001). Males and females were almost equally affected in our study. Averages for age at time of diagnosis for different disorders ranged from 2.5 months

Crime And Crime Prevention Programs - 2354 Words

Introduction Criminal activities will never completely end, owing to the human nature of wanting to defy law and order. However, criminal activities can be mitigated. The history of crime is as old as the beginning of life itself. In every generation of time, we learn of people who engaged in crimes against the law and who were punished in accordance to law of the lands in which they lived. Today, methods of mitigating crime have greatly improved, so has the methods of committing crime. It’s a delicate game. The reception of crime prevention programs has however been on the rise and people are beginning to see the effect of these programs owing to many cases being solved and more criminals brought to justice. Technology has had much to contribute to the emergence of programs that make it easier to detect and mitigate criminal activities. Towards this regard, this paper develops a program that acts as a proposal showing how criminal activities could be mitigated. The paper will investigat e crime rates in various states and offer a proposition on how these crimes could be minimized or done away with altogether. Jurisdiction of the proposal The proposal outlined here will be applicable to a state or city. Larger forms of jurisdiction will not be fully captured in this proposal. The proposal will mainly be focused on crime prevention measures but it can canvass other modes of the crime prevention program. The adult justice system will be the major point of focus in thisShow MoreRelatedCrime And Crime Prevention Programs1821 Words   |  8 Pagessince the 1990’s there has been a decrease in crime. Although, there are many plausible reasons for the decrease in crime such has employment rates, age, economic improvement, or culture variation. However, two other factors play a part in the crime decrease such as a result of better policing methods. Crime prevention programs have been developed and used all over the United States. Over the years, these different prevention programs help contribute to crime decrease. They also have been a great successRead MoreCommunity Crime Prevention Programs 1626 Words   |  7 Pag esCommunity crime prevention programs play a vital role across the world in regards to the â€Å"community† style of police service. These types of programs heavily involve participating members of the community along with the police to achieve community and police oriented goals to improve the quality of life for all members of the community. The Bureau of Justice Assistance states community crime prevention programs are based several factors such as program focus, program rationale, community race,Read MoreLocal Crime Prevention Program1108 Words   |  4 PagesLocal Crime Prevention The name of the crime prevention program The name of the program is Open Door Youth Gang Alternatives. It is head quartered in Golden, Colorado. Their primary focus is to prevent at risk youth from joining gangs and educate the public about warnings signs for recruitment activity. (Our Programs, 2012) (Worrall, 2008) A description of the components of the program (i.e., the length of time to complete the program, who are the participants, who teaches the program, andRead MoreCrime Prevention Programs And Juvenile Delinquency1378 Words   |  6 PagesCrime Prevention Programs Juvenile Delinquency Jenna Moffitt American Military University Professor Parkinson CMRJ295 November 29, 2015 Crime Prevention Programs Juvenile Delinquency Crime is the one constant thing in our country that will always be around. For decades we have enhanced our technology, changed our laws, put away criminals, but crime still, and will always exist. 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Many law enforcement agencies have embraced the community policing concept across the country. Its goal in preventing crime and promote better partnerships between police and community. According to Friedmann (1992), problem analysis and problem solving, facilitation, community organization, communication

Mountains of Laundry free essay sample

When I came to college, both my parents as well as the faculty told me that I need to concentrate on my school work and finish what needs to get done. At which point most of us are thinking, yeah right, more like concentrate on partying. For the most part, students are good at getting work done. Did I really just say that? Some majors in college have loads of work such as architecture. On the other hand, other majors have not so much work, which means much more free time. During students free time (rare), this is when laundry Is done, as well as grabbing something to eat and finishing the tall stacks of homework. In my situation, free time is for starting laundry and taking a nap while it is in the process. Once you feel great about yourself for deciding to finally wash the mountain of dirty clothes, you experience many obstacles between washing your clothes, and having nice, clean clothes. We will write a custom essay sample on Mountains of Laundry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Two out of the three times that I have wanted to do laundry, and lugged huge bags of clothes to the laundry room, I found out that I couldn’t wash them. Some students may think of this in a positive way like the workout they just got carrying the clothes all the way downstairs. The laundry room has only so many washers and dryers. The buildings that we live in have a lot of students in them. When a student is thinking of doing laundry, a lot of other students had that same idea too. Some attempts at laundry end up in lugging those heavy laundry bags all the way back to your room. Who needs a school gym when you can just try to do your laundry and hit two birds with one stone. I feel that the size of the laundry rooms compared to the buildings dont match. For a building this size, the laundry room should either be larger, or there should be multiple laundry rooms. Most people can compare this to something in their own life. When growing up, everyone has had a time when they wo re that shirt that was way too small for them. It is just a situation that needs to be solved quickly, and is rather uncomfortable. Another problem relating to the laundry room has to do with the quality of the dryers. Once a load of clothes goes through the washer, which works great, the clothes are soaking wet. That is what a dryer is used for. Dryers in the laundry rooms are not of great quality. So it’s a beautiful Friday afternoon, and I have a train to catch home in three hours, and I think to myself, I have plenty of time to do laundry. The washing phase goes over very well, and then comes the drying phase. One cycle ends with a load of wet clothes, as if they never reached the dryer. I repeated the drying phase as I thought to myself ‘Train leaves in one and a half hours’. I put the load of laundry through the dryer twice and still had wet clothes, which is when I gave up. This is not only a hassle, but it is a waste of time, hence catching the train a solid minute before it left. Once you put the clothes in the dryer, you cant just leave them there all day, it only takes 60 minutes t o â€Å"dry†. Who wants to wear wet clothes to class, especially in the winter? No one. You would freeze, and more than likely get hypothermia. There is one upside to this situation, that being once spring break comes around. Instead of students migrating to the south to go to the spring break parties and resorts, we can host our own here. My college could have its own wet t-shirt contest, seeing that our dryers don’t work, so lets all wear our white t’s! With my college being mostly guys, I have a feeling that they would be for this, while the small percentage of ladies would frown upon it. If you leave clothes in the dryer all day, it is guaranteed that when you come back they will be on the table behind you in a heap. Someone has taken them out in order to use the dryer because someone wasn’t quick enough, that being you. I feel that Wentworth should change this for the students. Many people, as well as myself, have wasted time doing laundry. I feel that laundry takes awhile as it is, never mind when obstacles are tossed in your way. By fixing the dryers, as well as getting more washers and dryers would make life on students much easier. They would have more time to get work done, which in turn would cause less stress. If another small room was added, it would make it much easier for students and in turn, we would be better people. Clean clothes are a necessity, because a student can only bring so many clothes to school. You may have enough clothes to last a week, but that’s about it. (I say this only having seen the amount of clothes a typical guy brings to college, and not underestimating females.) That is why I feel that something should be done about this problem, which in turn would affect all Wentworth students for the better.

Australian Great Recession Survival

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Great Recession Survival. Answer: Introduction In the year 2008, the major Europe experiences the Global Financial Crisis recession by the name the Great Recession. Most countries with large economies were affected. The recession hit the members of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) like USA and France. Economies in Europe shrank and currencies weakened. The preferred economic interventions failed to work in most economies instead the worse happened. Funnily enough, Australia was never affected by the recession (Bailey and Turok 2016). It remained the single country with advanced International Monetary Fund not affected by the crisis (Bosworth and Rich 2013). Instead, its economy remained stable and vigorous to accommodate its domestic and international demands. The paper aims at evaluating the magic behind the performance of Australian economy during the global crisis. It discusses the country's intervention policy through the Reserve Bank and the fiscal policy intervention by Federal government that ma neuvered ways for its stability. It is also objectively looking at the role played by China as a trading partner. China played a role in foreign trade category to ensure the success of the economy. The paper then draws a conclusion from the results of the discussion to justify the two questions: Did the success of the economy purely dependable on fiscal policy by Federal government, foreign trade and the role of Reserve Bank? Why the three factors did adequately sustain the economy? The objective of the study The study aims to draw conclusions on the roles played by Federal Government, Reserve Bank, and Foreign trade to maintain Australian economic growth at the crisis point. The Business Cycle In macroeconomics, the business cycle considered as fluctuations in the production or any other business. It involves expansionary, and contractionary behaviors of an economy. The best determination of a business cycle is GDP. The components of the cycle are; trough, expansion, peak, and contraction. The Definition of a Recession The definition of a recession is a conceptual reasoning pegged on the level and extent of a crisis. The different intensity levels are used portraying the different scope of impact on an economy (Courvisanos et al. 2016). However, a recession is an economic slowdown contributed to reduce spending. It hampers economic growth by introducing inflation, unemployment, and reduced Gross Domestic Product. The recession creates financial hurdles in an economy by negatively affecting all economic sectors. During a recess, countries take intervention measures to curb the impacts. Among the responses preferred are fiscal policies to increase the spending by reducing tax rate or through monetary policies. Although, there is no guarantee on the effectiveness of measures against the crisis. The Role Played by the Federal Government to Control GFC The government of Australia did a timely intervention to monitor the crisis that had the most terrorizing effects on G7 economies. Before the GFC the country economy was operating at annual GDP of around $1 trillion at the market exchange rate. The GDP level demonstrated the economy as the 14th largest economy in the world. The first intervention policy done by the country focused on the crisis was advocated by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) (Bosworth and Rich 2013. The bold step was taken in around October when the country through RBA announced the cutting of interest rates by 100 basis points. In the same month, the government decided to react proactively by guaranteeing all the bank deposits a wholesale fund at a fee (Doran and Fingleton 2016). The geared step aimed towards the achievement of a stable financial institution. The government intended to empower the banks through which they could sustain stability hence help secure the country's flow of income (Martin 2012). The intervention placed the banks in a competitive mode, an action that threatened the survival of small-scale banks. The stability in financial sectors eased consumers and business worries on the finances and economic issues. The Federal took the initiative of a private sector risk to reduce the tempo of the economy. The second policy taken by the government was the fiscal policy measure. The system directed the package to the weak sectors of the economy (Foster 2016). The areas covered were the household spending and consumption. The coverage represented a population of around 60%. Thus more people were kept safe by the program (Henry 2014). The housing policy advocated for the grant to first home buyers. The spending level of citizens increased and the GDP rose (Bosworth and Rich 2013. The consumption package had quick bonuses to seniors, and the pensioners. It also valued the low-income earners (Pulla 2013). The high propensity level of the households improved hitting the common target. Apart from risen expenditure, the society had cash to carry out activities. The policy attained the average GDP of average consumers in the economy. At June 2009, the country enjoyed a continuous growth with the fiscal, China trade factor and RBA combined. According to various scholars, the economic growth would not have been hit high without fiscal policy intervention. The economic status had a loose monetary policy, low exchange rate, and china's trade contribution. In 2009 when the effect of GFC increased on the economies, the government released another discretionary policy. The government meant to develop a program on infrastructure and also improve consumption (Drew 2016). The program covered the projects on the fast constructed infrastructural base to prepare the country for a long term crisis. The retail trade by 2009 brought a turnover of around 5% something that devastated the US and other significant economies. Their retail trade brought a turnover of around 2% and 3%. The outcome variance came due to the stimulus preference by the countries. Australia preferred a stimulus package for consumption and spending that stabilizes spending and consumption in the market. The low-income household got financial supports to meet their purchasing nature (Capon and Reid 2016). Also, the country had better financial regulations fertile for the fiscal policy effected by the government. The good status of its financial system accommodated the measures advocated for on economic activities. The country's cash rates were higher compared to other trading partners, a factor that enabled the stronger economy (Roos 2014). The existed healthier systems blocked the need to outsource for the financial instruments which could have contributed negatively. In the absence of fiscal policy, the country would have undergone the worst recess in the history. The countries like the USA that effected monetary policy minus economic policy has been struggling with the crisis impact to date. The Contribution of Foreign Trade to the Australian Resilience The GFC collapsed economies of the Australia trading partners. Germany, USA, and France got affected. The country before the GFC had good trade ties with Asia. The large Asia depended on the country's exports such as gold and coal. The USA was also a major importer of Australian exports (Battisti et al. 2013). However, recession left the country with no choice but to trade Asia. The government of China in response to the crisis ordered its banks to borrow and spend. The reaction led to the growth of China economy by around 75% in the year 2009. China's economy grew with expansion in its import demand. Australia began to export its commodities to China and Japan. China being the major importer, increased the Australian export capacity by 10% within five months. The prices attained stability. The export to Asia became more instrumental to the economic growth of the country. The Chinese government created a fertile grounds for Australian trading activities to flourish. The existed high demand on the china's economy on valuable commodities provided the growth gap to the Australian economy. The Contributions of the Australia Reserve Bank The country had the attentive financial system ready to accommodate and implement changes. The first phase of rectifying the suggesting crisis situations came from the policy of an RBA. The RBA through its first Board meeting GFC proposed the implementation of the cut on the interest rates by 100 basis points. The cut is a 6% reduction. The RBA followed with the different monetary policy that ensured a fall in the cash rate to 3%. The rate indicated a decline of 425 points. The reduced interest rates encouraged borrowing among the population (Reed 2016). The effect translated to increased disposable income. Low-income earners got the opportunity to maintain their spending ability consequently improving economy's expenditure on commodities. Reduction of the interest rate created a movement in the AUD dollar. The reduced dollar helped to lessen the impact of lowered global market price on the country's exports. It improved the level of competition of the country's produce and service exports (Buckley et al. 2014). The reduced exchange rate lasted for a short period, though the exchange rate hit 88 US dollars by 2009. The increase demonstrated an appreciation trend. The policy guidelines portrayed by RBA helped the healthy financial sector resist to collapse. Banks and other financial institutions survived the volatility of the financial situations in the global market. Regardless of the challenges, they still made profits (Tang 2015). The Australian market had no toxic assets that killed the world market in most of the Europe countries. The RBA kept reducing the cash rate in early 2009 to cope with the deteriorating economic conditions. The measure aimed at recovering stabilizing financial systems to help improve the functions of the credit market. The country monetary system performed a massive role by ensuring availability of funds in the banks. Australia had enough cash in its financial institutions, with mortgages for emergencies ((Bailey and Turok 2016). Therefore, the policy by the RBA had a motivating reception for implementation. The banks had low arrears and defaulted a factor that hindered exposure to toxic assets in the global financial market. Regardless of the risks associated with accepting wholesale funding, their confidence enhanced the initiative (Tonts et al. 2014). Through evaluation of alternatives, the RBA noticed the importance of using domestic financial institutions instead of looking for borrowings from the foreign institution. Conclusion Australia survived the great recess getting out developed due to national and international factors. The major contributor to its success relies upon timely and objectively implemented fiscal policy. The stabilization of financial market came with trade advantages in the exchange market. The monetary policy by RBA bettered the sustainability of the stable economy. The discussion on the fortune and other magic factors never contributed to the economic growth of Australia. The country cultivated from its ready policy and proactive strategies. It stole the chances created by the fast-growing economy provide supply to its large demand market. However, the main reason behind the country's success pegged on the fiscal policy that improved spending ability of low-income earners. From the study, it is appropriate for economies to have robust financial institutions that are sound and dynamic. Countries should be ready to challenge emergencies through the use of their strategies without depending on a similar problem-approach style. References Bailey, D. and Turok, I., 2016. Editorial: resilience revisited. Regional Studies, 50(4), pp.557-560. Battisti, M., Deakins, D. and Perry, M., 2013. The sustainability of small businesses in recessionary times: Evidence from the strategies of urban and rural small businesses in New Zealand. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 19(1), pp.72-96. Bosworth, E. and Rich, T., 2013. From optimisation to resilience: The changing nature of the risk reward conversation as seen through Westpac's capital and liquidity management policies. Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, 6(2), pp.160-166. Buckley, R.P., Weber, R.H. and Dowell-Jones, M., 2014. A Swiss finish for Australia? Approaches to enhancing the resilience of systemically important banks. Capital Markets Law Journal, p.kmu030. Capon, S.J. and Reid, M.A., 2016. Vegetation resilience to mega?drought along a typical floodplain gradient of the southern Murray?Darling Basin, Australia. Journal of Vegetation Science, 27(5), pp.926-937. Courvisanos, J., Jain, A. and K. Mardaneh, K., 2016. Economic resilience of regions under crises: a study of the Australian economy. Regional Studies, 50(4), pp.629-643. Doran, J. and Fingleton, B., 2016. Employment resilience in Europe and the 2008 economic crisis: insights from micro-level data. Regional Studies, 50(4), pp.644-656. Drew, J., 2016. A Tale of Two Jurisdictions: A Focus on the Effect of Regulatory Constraints on Municipal Resilience in Australia. Building governmental financial resilience under austerityan international perspective. Foster, J., 2016. The Australian growth miracle: an evolutionary macroeconomic explanation. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40(3), pp.871-894. Graziano, A., Cirillo, N., Pallotti, S., Cricenti, L., Romano, F. and Aimetti, M., 2014. Unexpected resilience to experimental gingivitis of subepithelial connective tissue grafts in gingival recession defects: a clinicalmolecular evaluation. Journal of periodontal research, 49(4), pp.527-535. Henry, K., 2014. Public policy resilience and the reform narrative. Public Policy, p.16. Martin, R., 2012. Regional economic resilience, hysteresis and recessionary shocks. Journal of economic geography, 12(1), pp.1-32. Pulla, V., 2013. Contours of Coping and Resilience: the front story. Perspectives on Coping and Resilience, pp.1-21. Reed, D., 2016. Resilience is the name of the game. Architecture Australia, 105(3), p.86. Roos, P.B., 2014, January. Design with nature: a proposed model for coastal settlements in Australia adapting to climate change and extreme weather events. In UHPH 2014: Landscapes and ecologies of urban and planning history: Proceedings of the 12th Australasian Urban History Planning History Conference (pp. 649-664). Australasian Urban History/Planning History Group and Victoria University of Wellington. Tang, S.H.K., 2015. Does Research and Development Intensity Enhance Industrial Growth Performance during Economic Downturns? Inter?Industry Evidence from Australia. Australian Economic Review, 48(3), pp.243-257. Tonts, M., Plummer, P. and Argent, N., 2014. Path dependence, resilience and the evolution of new rural economies: Perspectives from rural Western Australia. Journal of Rural Studies, 36, pp.362-375.

DBQ Alien and Sedition Acts Essay Example

DBQ Alien and Sedition Acts Essay The debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues.Discuss the issues involved and explain why these controversies developed. The Alien and Sedition acts of 1798 were a consequence of many troubles the United States was having at the time.Just emerging into the world under President George Washington, their foreign policy was not enough to support themselves yet.The United States needed to make sure that there would be no foreign threat to them and to do so, they made a strict isolationist policy that was almost broken by the French call for aid during the French Revolution and later by the French reprisal for not answering their demands.The United States pulled through but withdifficulty and in order to make sure that they stayed isolated from the rest of the world, they had to make sure that no immigrants would become powerful enough to change their views and go into politics and that the media would not interfere with governmen t affairs by slandering them and writing anything against the government.This brought about the Alien and Sedition Acts which were criticized from the moment they were passed in the summer of 1798 to the moment they were removed. Washingtonsfirst term as president happened to fall at the same time as the French Revolution.As a consequence Washingtons 8 years in office and his successor, John Adams had to decide whether their foreign policy should be pro French, anti French, or non involvement.Most Americans saw the French as helping them in the American Revolution, so they only saw it fit that America would then help them during their revolution.It was also easy to aid the French because they were fighting a Republican revolution and that seemed to help the US ideals.Unfortunately, the US and the French monarchy had an alliance, not the US and the French people so helping the French people was breaking the

Battle of Yorktown in the American Revolution

Battle of Yorktown in the American Revolution The Battle of Yorktown was the last major engagement of the American Revolution (1775-1783) and was fought September 28 to October 19, 1781.  Moving south from New York, a combined Franco-American army trapped Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis army against the York River in southern Virginia. After a brief siege, the British were compelled to surrender. The battle effectively ended large-scale fighting in North America and ultimately the Treaty of Paris which ended the conflict.   Armies Commanders American French General George WashingtonLieutenant General Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau8,800 Americans, 7,800 French British Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis7,500 men Allies Unite During the summer of 1781, General George Washingtons army was encamped in the Hudson Highlands where it could monitor the activities of  Lieutenant General Henry Clintons British army in New York City. On July 6, Washingtons men were joined by French troops led by Lieutenant General Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau.  These men had landed at Newport, RI before proceeding overland to New York. Washington initially intended to utilize the French forces in an attempt to liberate New York City, but met resistance from both his officers and Rochambeau. Instead, the French commander began to advocate for a strike against exposed British forces to the south. He supported this argument by stating that  Rear Admiral Comte de Grasse intended to bring his fleet north from the Caribbean and that there were easier targets along the coast. Fighting in Virginia During the first half of 1781, the British expanded their  operations in Virginia. This began with the arrival of a small force under Brigadier General Benedict Arnold  which landed at Portsmouth and later raided Richmond. In March, Arnolds command became part of a larger force overseen by Major General William Phillips. Moving inland, Phillips defeated a militia force at Blandford before burning warehouses in Petersburg.  To curb these activities, Washington dispatched the  Marquis de Lafayette  south to oversee resistance to the British. On May 20, the army of Lieutenant General  Lord Charles Cornwallis arrived in Petersburg. Having won a bloody victory at Guilford Court House, NC that spring, he had moved north into Virginia believing that the region would be easy to capture and receptive to British rule. After uniting with Phillips men and receiving reinforcements from New York, Cornwallis commenced raiding into the interior.   As the summer progressed Clinton ordered Cornwallis to move towards the coast and fortify a deep water port. Marching to Yorktown, Cornwallis men commenced building defenses while Lafayettes command observed from a safe distance.   Marching South In August, word arrived from Virginia that Cornwallis  army was encamped near Yorktown, VA. Recognizing that Cornwallis army was isolated, Washington and Rochambeau began discussing options for moving south. The decision to attempt a strike against Yorktown was made possible by the fact that de Grasse  would bring his French fleet north to support the operation and prevent Cornwallis from escaping by sea. Leaving a force to contain Clinton in New York City, Washington and Rochambeau began moving 4,000 French and 3,000 American troops south on August 19 (Map). Eager to maintain secrecy, Washington ordered a series of feints and sent false dispatches suggesting that an attack against New York City was imminent. Reaching Philadelphia in early September, Washington endured a brief crisis when some of his men refused to continue the march unless they were paid one months back wages in coin. This situation was remedied when Rochambeau loaned the American commander the needed gold coins. Pressing south, Washington and Rochambeau learned that de Grasse had arrived in the Chesapeake and landed troops to reinforce Lafayette. This done, French transports were sent north to ferry the combined Franco-American army down the bay.   Battle of the Chesapeake Having arrived in the Chesapeake, de Grasses ships assumed a blockading position. On September 5, a British fleet led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves arrived and engaged the French. In the resulting Battle of the Chesapeake, de Grasse succeeded leading the British away from the mouth of the bay. While the running battle that ensued was tactically inconclusive, de Grasse continued to draw the enemy away from Yorktown.   Disengaging on September 13, the French returned to the Chesapeake and resumed blockading Cornwallis army. Graves took his fleet back to New York to refit and prepare a larger relief expedition. Arriving at Williamsburg, Washington met with de Grasse aboard his flagship Ville de Paris on September 17. After securing the admirals promise to remain in the bay, Washington focused on concentrating his forces. Joining Forces With the Lafayette As troops from New York reached Williamsburg, VA, they joined with the forces of the Lafayette who had continued to shadow Cornwallis movements. With the army assembled, Washington and Rochambeau began the march to Yorktown on September 28. Arriving outside the town later that day, the two commanders deployed their forces with the Americans on the right and the French on the left. A mixed Franco-American force, led by the Comte de Choissey, was dispatched across the York River to oppose the British position on Gloucester Point. Working Towards Victory In Yorktown, Cornwallis held out hope that a promised relief force of 5,000 men would arrive from New York. Outnumbered more than 2-to-1, he ordered his men to abandon the outer works around the town and fall back to the main line of fortifications. This was later criticized as it would have taken the allies several weeks to reduce these positions by regular siege methods. On the night of October 5/6, the French and Americans began construction of the first siege line. By dawn, a 2,000-yard long trench opposed the southeast side of the British works. Two days later, Washington personally fired the first gun. For the next three days, French and American guns pounded the British lines around the clock. Feeling his position collapsing, Cornwallis wrote to Clinton on October 10 calling for aid. The British situation was made worse by a smallpox outbreak within the town. On the night of October 11, Washingtons men began work on a second parallel, just 250 yards from the British lines. Progress on this work was impeded by two British fortifications, Redoubts #9 and #10, which prevented the line from reaching the river. Attack in the Night The capture of these positions was assigned to General Count William Deux-Ponts and Lafayette. Extensively planning the operation, Washington directed the French to mount a diversionary strike against the Fusiliers Redoubt at the opposite end of the British works.   This would be followed by Deux-Ponts and Lafayettes assaults thirty minutes later.  To help increase the odds of success, Washington selected a moonless night and ordered that the effort be made using bayonets only.   No soldier was permitted to load their musket until the assaults had began. Tasking 400 French regulars with the mission of taking Redoubt #9, Deux-Ponts gave command of the assault to Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm von Zweibrà ¼cken.   Lafayette gave leadership of the 400-man force for Redoubt #10 to Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton. On October 14, Washington directed all of the artillery in the area to concentrate their fire on the two redoubts.  Around 6:30 PM, the French commenced the diversionary effort against the Fusiliers Redoubt.   Moving forward as planned,  Zweibrà ¼ckens men had difficulty clearing the abatis at Redoubt #9. Finally hacking through it, they reached the parapet and pushed back the Hessian defenders with a volley of musket fire. As the French surged into the redoubt, the defenders surrendered after a brief fight.   Approaching Redoubt #10, Hamilton directed a force under Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens to circle to the rear of the enemy to cut off the line of retreat to Yorktown. Cutting through the abatis, Hamiltons men climbed through a ditch in front of the redoubt and forced their way over the wall.   Encountering heavy resistance, they ultimately overwhelmed and captured the garrison. Immediately after the redoubts were captured, American sappers began extending the siege lines. The Noose Tightens: With the enemy growing nearer, Cornwallis again wrote to Clinton for help and described his situation as very critical. As the bombardment continued, now from three sides, Cornwallis was pressured into launching an attack against the allied lines on October 15. Led by Lieutenant Colonel Robert Abercrombie, the attack succeeded in taking some prisoners and spiking six guns, but was unable to breakthrough. Forced back by French troops, the British withdrew. Though the raid had been moderately successful, the damage inflicted was quickly repaired and the bombardment of Yorktown continued. On October 16, Cornwallis shifted 1,000 men and his wounded to Gloucester Point with the goal of transferring his army across the river and breaking out to the north. As the boats returned to Yorktown, they were scattered by a storm. Out of ammunition for his guns and unable to shift his army, Cornwallis decided to open negotiations with Washington. At 9:00 AM on October 17, a single drummer mounted the British works as a lieutenant waved a white flag. At this signal, the French and American guns halted the bombardment and the British officer was blindfolded and taken into the allied lines to commence surrender negotiations. Aftermath Talks commenced at the nearby Moore House, with Laurens representing the Americans, the Marquis de Noailles the French, and Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Dundas and Major Alexander Ross representing Cornwallis. Through the course of the negotiations, Cornwallis attempted to obtain the same favorable terms of surrender that Major General John Burgoyne had received at Saratoga. This was refused by Washington who imposed the same harsh conditions that the British had demanded of Major General Benjamin Lincoln the year before at Charleston. With no other choice, Cornwallis complied and the final surrender documents were signed on October 19. At noon the French and American armies lined up to await the British surrender. Two hours later the British marched out with flags furled and their bands playing The World Turned Upside Down. Claiming he was ill, Cornwallis sent Brigadier General Charles OHara in his stead. Nearing the allied leadership, OHara attempted to surrender to Rochambeau but was instructed by the Frenchman to approach the Americans. As Cornwallis was not present, Washington directed OHara to surrender to Lincoln, who was now serving as his second-in-command. With the surrender complete, Cornwallis army was taken into custody rather than paroled. Shortly thereafter, Cornwallis was exchanged for Henry Laurens, the former President of the Continental Congress. The fighting at Yorktown cost the allies 88 killed and 301 wounded. British losses were higher and included 156 killed, 326 wounded. In addition, Cornwallis remaining 7,018 men were taken prisoner. The victory at Yorktown was the last major engagement of the American Revolution and effectively ended the conflict in the Americans favor.

Managing Strategic Marketing Malaysian company PROTON Essay

Managing Strategic Marketing Malaysian company PROTON - Essay Example Marketing mix is one of the core components of a marketing plan. This paper describes how PROTON, a car Malaysian car manufacturing company, can improve its marketing mix to evaluate the success of the marketing plan. Before going into the details of the marketing mix, let us get to know what a marketing plan actually is in order to get a better understanding of marketing mix. A marketing plan is a well-designed strategy to advertising a product or to create awareness of a company’s products and services among the customers. A properly designed marketing plan not only includes defining marketing goals and objectives of a company but also includes the strategies and tactics to achieve the marketing goals. Implementing an effective marketing plan and taking steps to monitor the performance of the plan are very important for any manufacturing company. Marketing mix is one of the main tools used by the managers of a company to monitor and control the working of the marketing plan. Marketing mix is one of the core components of a marketing plan. A marketing mix includes proper set of tools and guidelines which a company can use to market its products and services in the market. Managers make us e of marketing mix to evaluate the success of the marketing plan of their products. The assessment or evaluation makes the managers know whether the marketing plan is appropriate for the product or it needs to be changed. Being the marketing manager of PROTON, which is a leading car manufacturing company, I will propose improvements in the marketing mix of my company in order to make it compete effectively with the main competitor of the company. 2. Background of the Company The name of the company where I work as marketing manager is PROTON. PROTON is a Malaysian company which was established in 1985 and since then, it has been a valuable part of the Malaysian automotive industry. PROTON deals with manufacturing and distribution of passenger and commercial cars. Some main types of vehicles, which the company manufactures, include commercial cars, family vans, and private cars. In addition to the implementation of ISO 9000 standards of quality, PROTON has also adopted the QS 9000 qu ality standard, which has also been adopted by many of the famous American car manufacturing companies like General motors and Ford. The company has done alliance with Sauber and Petronas which really help PROTON achieve its goals in the international market. 3. Introduction of the Product The product, which I have been marketing for the last six months, is Cronze Family Van. Cronze van is a new product manufactured by the PROTON car manufacturing company in collaboration with the Lotus automotive company. Cronze is a 7-seater vehicle, which is a very economical car for large families. Some of the most attractive features of this van include beautiful shape, built-in stereo system, powerful engine, high mileage, and capacity to hold a large number of people at a time. Low fuel consumption and high mileage are two of the most incredible features of this van. People like to buy such vans which consume very less amount of fuel and give high mileage. Another attractive feature of this v an is that a customer is able to